Table 1 Demographics and clinical data of the study population
Variables | Remained in sepsis (N = 368) | Progressed to septic shock (N = 49) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
General demographics | |||
Age (yr), median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 12 (5–16) | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 191 (52) | 21 (50) | 0.98 |
Variables at PED | |||
Body temperature (F) | 98.28 ± 2.6 | 100.18 ± 2.13 | < 0.001 |
Glasgow Coma Scale | 14.87 ± 0.86 | 13.43 ± 4.01 | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate (/min) | 24.76 ± 4.55 | 27.49 ± 10.26 | 0.003 |
SaO2 (%) | 96.44 ± 2.97 | 96.34 ± 4.35 | 0.864 |
Underlying disease, n (%) | 122 (33.2) | 26 (53) | < 0.001 |
Site of infection, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Central nervous system | 2 (0.5) | 3 (6.1) | |
Blood stream | 15 (4) | 21 (42.8) | |
Respiratory | 133 (36) | 15 (30.6) | |
Urologic | 129 (35.1) | 3 (6.1) | |
Abdominal | 57 (15.5) | 4 (8.1) | |
Skin | 11 (2.9) | 2 (4) | |
Others | 21 (5.7) | 1 (2) | |
Outcomes | |||
Used vasoactive–inotropic agents, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 0 | 49 (100) | |
No | 368 (100) | 0 | |
Only NS challenge | 2 (0.5) | 0 | |
PICU admission, n (%) | 21 (5.8) | 49 (100) | < 0.001 |
Total length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 5 (4–7) | 15 (11–23) | < 0.001 |
ICU stay (days), median (IQR) | 0 | 7 (4–15) | < 0.001 |
Non-survivors, n (%) | 0 | 11 (22.4) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory data at PED, mean ± SD | |||
Glucose (mg/dL) | 104.84 ± 25.94 | 122.59 ± 56.86 | 0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 11.05 ± 7.87 | 21.4 ± 16.35 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.37 ± 0.45 | 1.09 ± 1.86 | < 0.001 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 41.66 ± 61.34 | 57.92 ± 65.67 | 0.12 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 37.56 ± 64.54 | 47.59 ± 65.37 | 0.407 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 134.83 ± 2.62 | 135.84 ± 6.98 | 0.079 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.4 ± 0.71 | 3.65 ± 0.76 | < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 56.06 ± 62.43 | 125.54 ± 108.12 | < 0.001 |
Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 3.34 ± 9.77 | 13.88 ± 22.35 | < 0.001 |
Albumin(g/dL) | 3.9 ± 0.49 | 3.33 ± 0.59 | < 0.001 |
Lactate(mg/dL) | 18.29 ± 14.1 | 21.02 ± 18.2 | 0.599 |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 2.28 ± 2.74 | 0.96 ± 1.08 | 0.018 |
White blood cell (*10³/µL) | 13432.6 ± 6668.1 | 12578.95 ± 9669.66 | 0.598 |
Seg (%) | 57.45 ± 19.96 | 62.43 ± 27.2 | 0.16 |
Band(%) | 2.64 ± 4 | 6.74 ± 6.3 | 0.008 |
Platelet (*10³/µL) | 331.48 ± 138.68 | 230.54 ± 174.69 | 0.001 |
Blood pH | 7.37 ± 0.11 | 7.36 ± 0.07 | 0.734 |
HCO3−(mm/L) | 26.58 ± 13.12 | 23.13 ± 8.81 | 0.565 |
PCO2(mmHg) | 40.76 ± 28.34 | 47.35 ± 20.62 | 0.544 |