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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Severe hyperlactatemia in the emergency department: clinical characteristics, etiology and mortality

Characteristic

Overall

N = 26,680

Lactate < 2 mmol/L (n = 15,735)

Lactate 2—3.99

mmol/L (n = 7,680)

Lactate 4—9.99

mmol/L (n = 2,799)

Lactate ≥ 10

mmol/L (n = 466)

p-value

Age, years

64 (51 – 75)

64 (51—75)

64 (53—75)

63 (52—75)

60 (50—71)

 < 0.01

Male

14,330 (54%)

7,952 (51%)

4,362 (57%)

1,688 (60%)

328 (70%)

 < 0.01

Charlson comorbidity index

3 (1—5)

3(1 -5)

3 (2—5)

3 (1—5)

3 (1—5)

0.09

Comorbidities

 Age > 60 years

16,030 (60%)

9,386 (60%)

4,754 (62%)

1,656 (59%)

234 (50%)

 < 0.01

 Myocardial infarction

683 (2.6%)

412 (2.6%)

181 (2.4%)

81 (2.9%)

9 (1.9%)

0.32

 CHF

1,791 (6.7%)

1,215 (7.7%)

395 (5.1%)

159 (5.7%)

22 (4.7%)

 < 0.01

 Peripheral vascular disease

99 (0.4%)

62 (0.4%)

26 (0.3%)

10 (0.4%)

1 (0.2%)

0.93

 CVA or TIA

1,468 (5.5%)

809 (5.1%)

474 (6.2%)

160 (5.7%)

25 (5.4%)

0.01

 Dementia

334 (1.3%)

176 (1.1%)

114 (1.5%)

40 (1.4%)

4 (0.9%)

0.08

 COPD

677 (2.5%)

376 (2.4%)

214 (2.8%)

79 (2.8%)

8 (1.7%)

0.14

 Connective tissue disease

666 (2.5%)

420 (2.7%)

168 (2.2%)

68 (2.4%)

10 (2.1%)

0.16

 Liver disease

2,123 (8.0%)

848 (5.4%)

771 (10%)

393 (14%)

111 (24%)

 < 0.01

 Diabetes mellitus

5,279 (20%)

2,916 (19%)

1,625 (21%)

650 (23%)

88 (19%)

 < 0.01

 Moderate to severe CKD

4,706 (18%)

3,099 (20%)

1,084 (14%)

435 (16%)

88 (19%)

 < 0.01

 Solid tumor

3,918 (15%)

2,230 (14%)

1,184 (15%)

420 (15%)

84 (18%)

0.01

 Leukemia

102 (0.4%)

59 (0.4%)

30 (0.4%)

9 (0.3%)

4 (0.9%)

0.36

 Lymphoma

129 (0.5%)

72 (0.5%)

30 (0.4%)

25 (0.9%)

2 (0.4%)

0.02

 AIDS

223 (0.8%)

134 (0.9%)

68 (0.9%)

18 (0.6%)

3 (0.6%)

0.68

Hemodynamic parameter

 Hypotension (SBP < 90)

1,666 (6.2%)

659 (4.2%)

591 (7.7%)

337 (12%)

79 (17%)

 < 0.01

 MAP (mmHg)

93 (81, 106)

94 (82, 107)

92 (79, 106)

91 (75, 106)

89 (71, 108)

 < 0.01

 Temperature > 38.0 °C

5,719 (21%)

3,157 (20%)

1,917 (25%)

585 (21%)

60 (13%)

 < 0.01

 Respiratory rate ≥ 22/min

17,171 (64%)

9,494 (60%)

5,191 (68%)

2,111 (75%)

375 (80%)

 < 0.01

 Heart rate > 100/min

6,824 (26%)

3,488 (22%)

2,147 (28%)

989 (35%)

200 (43%)

 < 0.01

 Oxygen saturation (%)

97 (95—99)

98 (95—99)

97 (95—99)

97 (94—99)

96 (91—99)

 < 0.01

 GCS

15 (15—15)

15 (15—15)

15 (15—15)

15 (15—15)

15 (13—15)

 < 0.01

  1. AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, CHF congestive heart failure, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVA cerebrovascular accident, MAP mean arterial pressure, TIA transient ischemic attacks, SBP systolic blood pressure, GCS Glasgow coma scale