Table 1 Patient characteristics
From: Severe hyperlactatemia in the emergency department: clinical characteristics, etiology and mortality
Characteristic | Overall N = 26,680 | Lactate < 2 mmol/L (n = 15,735) | Lactate 2—3.99 mmol/L (n = 7,680) | Lactate 4—9.99 mmol/L (n = 2,799) | Lactate ≥ 10 mmol/L (n = 466) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 64 (51 – 75) | 64 (51—75) | 64 (53—75) | 63 (52—75) | 60 (50—71) | < 0.01 |
Male | 14,330 (54%) | 7,952 (51%) | 4,362 (57%) | 1,688 (60%) | 328 (70%) | < 0.01 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 3 (1—5) | 3(1 -5) | 3 (2—5) | 3 (1—5) | 3 (1—5) | 0.09 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Age > 60 years | 16,030 (60%) | 9,386 (60%) | 4,754 (62%) | 1,656 (59%) | 234 (50%) | < 0.01 |
Myocardial infarction | 683 (2.6%) | 412 (2.6%) | 181 (2.4%) | 81 (2.9%) | 9 (1.9%) | 0.32 |
CHF | 1,791 (6.7%) | 1,215 (7.7%) | 395 (5.1%) | 159 (5.7%) | 22 (4.7%) | < 0.01 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 99 (0.4%) | 62 (0.4%) | 26 (0.3%) | 10 (0.4%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.93 |
CVA or TIA | 1,468 (5.5%) | 809 (5.1%) | 474 (6.2%) | 160 (5.7%) | 25 (5.4%) | 0.01 |
Dementia | 334 (1.3%) | 176 (1.1%) | 114 (1.5%) | 40 (1.4%) | 4 (0.9%) | 0.08 |
COPD | 677 (2.5%) | 376 (2.4%) | 214 (2.8%) | 79 (2.8%) | 8 (1.7%) | 0.14 |
Connective tissue disease | 666 (2.5%) | 420 (2.7%) | 168 (2.2%) | 68 (2.4%) | 10 (2.1%) | 0.16 |
Liver disease | 2,123 (8.0%) | 848 (5.4%) | 771 (10%) | 393 (14%) | 111 (24%) | < 0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus | 5,279 (20%) | 2,916 (19%) | 1,625 (21%) | 650 (23%) | 88 (19%) | < 0.01 |
Moderate to severe CKD | 4,706 (18%) | 3,099 (20%) | 1,084 (14%) | 435 (16%) | 88 (19%) | < 0.01 |
Solid tumor | 3,918 (15%) | 2,230 (14%) | 1,184 (15%) | 420 (15%) | 84 (18%) | 0.01 |
Leukemia | 102 (0.4%) | 59 (0.4%) | 30 (0.4%) | 9 (0.3%) | 4 (0.9%) | 0.36 |
Lymphoma | 129 (0.5%) | 72 (0.5%) | 30 (0.4%) | 25 (0.9%) | 2 (0.4%) | 0.02 |
AIDS | 223 (0.8%) | 134 (0.9%) | 68 (0.9%) | 18 (0.6%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.68 |
Hemodynamic parameter | ||||||
Hypotension (SBP < 90) | 1,666 (6.2%) | 659 (4.2%) | 591 (7.7%) | 337 (12%) | 79 (17%) | < 0.01 |
MAP (mmHg) | 93 (81, 106) | 94 (82, 107) | 92 (79, 106) | 91 (75, 106) | 89 (71, 108) | < 0.01 |
Temperature > 38.0 °C | 5,719 (21%) | 3,157 (20%) | 1,917 (25%) | 585 (21%) | 60 (13%) | < 0.01 |
Respiratory rate ≥ 22/min | 17,171 (64%) | 9,494 (60%) | 5,191 (68%) | 2,111 (75%) | 375 (80%) | < 0.01 |
Heart rate > 100/min | 6,824 (26%) | 3,488 (22%) | 2,147 (28%) | 989 (35%) | 200 (43%) | < 0.01 |
Oxygen saturation (%) | 97 (95—99) | 98 (95—99) | 97 (95—99) | 97 (94—99) | 96 (91—99) | < 0.01 |
GCS | 15 (15—15) | 15 (15—15) | 15 (15—15) | 15 (15—15) | 15 (13—15) | < 0.01 |