Table 2 Comparisons of main study variables and their dimensions at baseline
T0 | Z (P value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
n | Median (IQR) | ||
1. Self-regulated learning strategies (total score) | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 170.00(148.50-181.50) | 0.02 (0.85) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 171.00(158.75–179.00) | |
Control group | 18 | 165.50(144.75–186.00) | |
1.1. Motivational beliefs | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 81.00(70.50-91.25) | 0.01 (0.99) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 81.50(76.75-88.00) | |
Control group | 18 | 81.00(70.75–95.25) | |
1.1. 2. Self-efficacy | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 33.00(30.00–37.00) | 0.02 (0.98) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 32.50(31.00-34.50) | |
Control group | 18 | 32.50(31.00-34.50) | |
1.1.3. Goal orientation | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 15.00(12.00–16.00) | 0.24 (0.88) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 14.00 (11.75-16.00 | |
Control group | 18 | 13.50(12.00–18.00) | |
1.1.4. Intrinsic value | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 11.50(9.75-13.00) | 0.20 (0.90) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 11.50(9.75–13.25) | |
Control group | 18 | 11.50(10.00–14.00) | |
1.1.5. Test anxiety | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 23.50(19.75-26.00) | 0.01 (0.99) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 23.50(21.00–25.00) | |
Control group | 18 | 22.00(19.75-28.00) | |
1.2. Self-regulated learning strategies | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 85.50(79.25–93.25) | 0.30 (0.85) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 86.50(81.00-92.25) | |
Control group | 18 | 83.00(74.00-94.25) | |
1.2.1. Cognitive strategy use | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 52.00(47.75-57.00) | 0.37 (0.82) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 51.50(49.50–58.00) | |
Control group | 18 | 51.50(46.50–55.00) | |
1.2.2. Metacognitive strategy use | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 34.00(30.75-37.00) | 0.39 (0.82) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 33.50(30.75-37.00) | |
Control group | 18 | 32.00(27.00-37.25) | |
2. Motivation toward science learning (total score) | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 125.50(118.00-136.50) | 0.20 (0.90) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 127.50(127.50-133.25) | |
Control group | 18 | 123.00(108.75-149.25) | |
2.1. Self-efficacy | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 25.00(22.50-27.25) | 0.90 (0.63) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 24.50(21.00-26.25) | |
Control group | 18 | 26.50(20.75.30.00) | |
2.2. Use of active learning strategies | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 25.50(20.50-29.25) | 0.60 (0.74) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 25.00(21.75–28.25) | |
Control group | 18 | 24.50(22.75-31.00) | |
2.3. Science learning value | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 21.50(20.00-23.25) | 0.63 (0.72) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 21.00(20.00-22.25) | |
Control group | 18 | 22.00(18.75-27.00) | |
2.4. Performance goal | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 13.00(12.00–15.00) | 0.06 (0.96) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 13.00(12.00–16.00) | |
Control group | 18 | 13.00(12.00-16.25) | |
2.5. Achievement goal | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 17.00(15.00-20.50) | 1.21 (0.54) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 18.50(16.75-21.00) | |
Control group | 18 | 19.00(15.00-24.25) | |
2.6. Learning environment stimulation | |||
Individual reflection | 18 | 17.00(15.00-20.50) | 0.004 (0.99) ^ |
Group reflection | 18 | 23.50(18.75–25.25) | |
Control group | 18 | 22.00(19.00-26.25) | |