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Table 4 Multiple logistic regression model for SCR in post-ED adults

From: Predictors of specialist care referrals (SCR) following emergency department review or hospital admission in adults with previous acute COVID-19: a prospective UK cohort study

Referral Outcome

Respiratory (N = 254)

Cardiology (N = 254)

Physiotherapy (N = 254)

Mental health (N = 254)

Any 1 of 4 referrals (N = 254)

Predictor Variable*

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

Wald test p-value

Long-COVID symptoms

Number of Long-COVID symptoms (at follow-up)

1.43

(1.15, 1.77)

0.001

1.37

(1.09, 1.70)

0.006

1.35

(1.12, 1.62)

0.002

1.39

(1.17, 1.64)

< 0.001

1.42

(1.23, 1.65)

< 0.001

Patient characteristics

Age (years)

1.02

(0.97, 1.07)

0.45

1.05

(1.00, 1.10)

0.06

1.00

(0.97, 1.04)

0.91

0.99

(0.96, 1.02)

0.50

1.01

(0.99, 1.04)

0.40

Sex = Male

1.38

(0.48, 3.98)

0.55

1.47

(0.49, 4.40)

0.49

0.36

(0.15, 0.85)

0.021

0.64

(0.28, 1.45)

0.29

0.86

(0.45, 1.62)

0.63

Ethnicity = Ethnic minorities

1.13

(0.40, 3.22)

0.82

1.12

(0.39, 3.20)

0.83

1.41

(0.58, 3.40)

0.45

1.39

(0.61, 3.20)

0.43

1.36

(0.72, 2.56)

0.35

Smokers (current or ex-smokers)

1.01

(0.34, 3.04)

0.99

3.88

(1.20, 12.5)

0.023

1.41

(0.58, 3.46)

0.45

2.19

(0.93, 5.14)

0.07

1.79

(0.92, 3.46)

0.09

BMI (kg/m2)

1.08

(0.98, 1.19)

0.10

1.05

(0.95, 1.17)

0.34

1.03

(0.96, 1.11)

0.45

0.98

(0.91, 1.06)

0.59

1.00

(0.94, 1.06)

0.98

CFS on admission

0.80

(0.37, 1.75)

0.58

0.72

(0.34, 1.53)

0.39

1.50

(0.89, 2.53)

0.13

1.14

(0.70, 1.85)

0.59

0.98

(0.66, 1.45)

0.91

Co-morbidities

Cardiac disease (any)

0.30

(0.02, 5.27)

0.41

4.30

(1.13, 16.3)

0.032

1.50

(0.35, 6.48)

0.59

1.42

(0.37, 5.43)

0.61

1.60

(0.56, 4.51)

0.38

Chronic kidney disease

-

-

0.95

(0.08, 11.2)

0.97

0.18

(0.01, 2.83)

0.22

1.65

(0.19, 14.35)

0.65

1.23

(0.23, 6.72)

0.81

Diabetes

0.54

(0.09, 3.47)

0.52

0.38

(0.08, 1.84)

0.23

0.37

(0.08, 1.83)

0.22

1.19

(0.29, 4.84)

0.81

0.41

(0.13, 1.25)

0.12

Hypertension

0.20

(0.03, 1.49)

0.12

0.31

(0.07, 1.40)

0.13

1.04

(0.29, 3.70)

0.95

1.14

(0.32, 4.01)

0.84

0.85

(0.32, 2.29)

0.75

Lung condition (any)

0.42

(0.07, 2.64)

0.36

0.47

(0.10, 2.26)

0.35

0.69

(0.18, 2.60)

0.59

1.29

(0.37, 4.50)

0.69

0.90

(0.34, 2.44)

0.84

Mental health condition (any)

-

-

0.40

(0.06, 2.79)

0.36

0.80

(0.17, 3.69)

0.77

4.08

(1.07, 15.6)

0.040

1.41

(0.39, 5.07)

0.60

Number of comorbidities

2.64

(0.65, 10.7)

0.18

1.93

(0.91, 4.09)

0.09

1.38

(0.63, 3.03)

0.42

1.02

(0.49, 2.13)

0.97

1.26

(0.70, 2.29)

0.45

Admission data

Number of acute COVID-19 symptoms

0.95

(0.71, 1.27)

0.73

0.99

(0.74, 1.31)

0.93

0.67

(0.51, 0.87)

0.003

1.05

(0.85, 1.31)

0.66

0.91

(0.76, 1.08)

0.28

Time from onset of symptoms to time of follow-up appointment (days)

1.01

(1.00, 1.03)

0.16

1.01

(0.99, 1.02)

0.51

0.99

(0.98, 1.01)

0.30

0.99

(0.98, 1.01)

0.46

1.00

(0.99, 1.01)

0.75

  1. BMI: Body mass index; CFS: Clinical frailty scale (using the Rockwood Frailty Scale). Cerebrovascular disease, and immunosuppression were excluded as predictors. *Table data are presented as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and its 95% confidence ratio (95%CI)
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