Fig. 3

Standardized mean differences before and after coarsened exact matching. CEM, coarsened exact matching. The LovePlot illustrates the standardized mean differences for covariates used in the matching process before and after coarsened exact matching (CEM), demonstrating the balance of covariates achieved with a threshold line at 0.1 indicating acceptable balance. After matching, 54 treated and 48 control patients were successfully matched