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Table 1 Baseline characteristics for FDAF patients classified by rhythm control strategy within the ED

From: Effect of non-invasive rhythm control on outcomes in patients with first diagnosed atrial fibrillation presenting to an emergency department

Variables

Rhythm control n = 679

No-rhythm control n = 2079

p-value

Age, median (IQR)

69 (58–78)

73 (64–81)

 < 0.0001

Sex, male, (n%all)

399 (58.8)

110 (53.4)

0.0146

HF, bpm, median (IQR)

129 (108–145)

108 (84–132)

 < 0.0001

BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR)

27.5 (24.4–32.6)

n = 514

26.8 (24.1–30.7)

n = 1,135

0.0097

Hs-cTnT ng/L, median (IQR)

15 (9–26)

16 (9–35)

0.0233

CRP, mg/L, median (IQR)

4.7 (2.0–13.7)

n = 677

5.7 (2.0–21.2)

n = 2,072

 < 0.0001

Creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR)

0.94 (0.79–1.14)

0.93 (0.76–1.15)

0.5025

eGFR (CKF-EPI) ml/min median (IQR)

77 (59–91)

74 (54–89)

0.0174

NTproBNP, ng/L, median (IQR)

3,370 (1396–6472)

n = 298

2,482 (772–7302)

n = 800

0.0307

Arterial Hypertension, (n%all)

493 (72.6)

1,587 (76.3)

0.0502

Diabetes mellitus, (n%all)

86 (12.7)

325 (15.6)

0.0595

Prior CABG, (n%all)

28 (4.1)

126 (6.1)

0.0564

Prior MI, (n%all)

65 (9.6)

281 (13.5)

0.0071

Prior PAD, (n%all)

35 (5.2)

127 (6.1)

0.3587

Prior CAD, (n%all)

172 (25.3)

661 (31.8)

0.0015

Prior TIA/stroke, (n%all)

56 (8.2)

193 (9.3)

 < 0.0001

Prior malignancy, (n%all)

91 (14.4)

418 (20.1)

0.0001

Prior COPD, (n%all)

48 (7.1)

172 (8.3)

0.3148

Left ventricular Ejection fraction

n = 582

n = 1,119

 

Normal LVEF

282 (48.5)

610 (54.5)

0.0176

Mild abnormal LVEF

105 (18.0)

220 (19.7)

0.4204

Moderately abnormal LVEF

115 (19.8)

168 (15.0)

0.0127

Severely abnormal LVEF

80 (13.7)

121 (10.8)

0.0756

Oral anticoagulation, (n%all)

522 (76.9)

1284 (61.8)

 < 0.0001

VKA, (n%all)

110 (21.1)

366 (28.5)

0.0012

DOAC, (n%all)

412 (78.9)

918 (71.5)

0.0012

Antiarrhythmic drugs*, (n%all)

65 (9.8)

21 (1.0)

 < 0.0001

ß-blockers, (n%all)

544 (80.1)

1,600 (77.0)

0.0860

ACE/AT-1 inhibitors, (n%all)

464 (68.3)

1215 (58.4)

 < 0.0001

Ca-channel blockers, (n%all)

157 (23.1)

485 (23.3)

0.9121

Digitalis, (n%all)

55 (8.5)

201 (9.7)

0.2216

  1. *antiarrhythmic drugs included amiodarone, mexiletine, dronedarone, sotalol, propafenone or flecainide
  2. Abbreviations: ACE Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, AF Atrial fibrillation, BMI Body mass index, bpm beats per minutes, bp blood pressure, CRP C-reactive protein, CAD Coronary artery disease, CABG Coronary artery bypass graft, dia diastolic, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate according to CKD EPI formula, FDAF First diagnosed atrial fibrillation, HF Heart frequency, hs-cTnT high sensitive cardiac troponin T, IQR Interquartile range, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, MI Myocardial infarction, DOAC Direct oral anticoagulant, NTproBNP N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide, PAD Peripheral artery disease, sys systolic, TIA Transient ischemic attack, VAK Vitamin K antagonist
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