Table 1 Patient characteristics in seven Dutch eds, total ED visits in the NEED

Demographics

N(%)

728,902(100)

56.186(7.7)

90,043(12.4)

49,223(6.8)

172,608(23.7)

155,429(21.3)

97,907(13.4)

107,506(14.7)

Age, median(IQR)

Missing, N(%)

56(30–73)

0(0.0)

47(22–66)

0(0.0)

59(30–75)

0(0.0)

64(49–75)

0(0.0)

54(29–72)

0(0.0)

59(34–74)

0(0.0)

54(26–69)

0(0.0)

55(28–73)

0(0.0)

Sex (female), N(%)

Missing, N(%)

354,308(47.9)

336(0.1)

26,285(46.8)

316(0.6)

45,508(50.5)

1(0.0)

23,321(47.4)

0(0.0)

81,878(47.4)

3(0.0)

75,152(48.4)

6(0.0)

45,137(46.1)

5(0.0)

52,030(48.4)

5(0.0)

Presenting complaints

Extremity problems

Feeling Unwell

Abdominal pain

Dyspnoea

Chest pain

Trauma

Others

Missing, N(%)

145,085(20.9)

113,434(16.4)

74,497(10.7)

63,897(9.2)

54,210(7.8)

35,009(5.0)

168,544(23.1)

35,613(4.9)

11,789(22.2)

9,301(17.5)

3,945(7.4)

3,627(6.8)

2,951(5.5)

2,530(4.8)

16,117(28.7)

2,963(5.3)

19,235(22.5)

10,709(12.5)

9,669(11.3)

8,132(9.0)

8,378(9.8)

2,428(2.8)

22,666(25.2)

4,413(4.9)

3,929(8.1)

3,322(6.9)

2,883(6.0)

4,757(9.9)

19,512(40.5)

323(0.7)

12,495(25.4)

1,001(2.0)

43,642(25.4)

28,337(16.5)

17,288(10.0)

12,836(7.5)

3,261(1.9)

13,099(7.6)

52,975(30.7)

585(0.3)

30,691(20.9)

22,251(15.2)

18,375(12.5)

16,772(11.4)

13,224(9.0)

4,873(3.3)

31,379(20.2)

8,932(5.7)

14,172(16.2)

21,734(24.9)

8,939(10.2)

7,476(8.6)

1,861(2.1)

7,321(8.4)

15,184(15.5)

10,610(10.8)

21,627(21.5)

17,780(17.7)

13,398(13.3)

10,297(10.3)

5,023(5.0)

4,435(4.4)

20,728(19.2)

7,109(6.6)

Triage category, N(%)

Green & blue (non-urgent)

Yellow (urgent)

Orange (very urgent)

Red (immediate)

Missing, N(%)

188,459(25.9)

370,223(50.8)

132,683(18.2)

15,890(2.2)

21,647(3.0)

18,045(32.1)

22,963(40.9)

11,552(20.6)

1,037(1.8)

2,589(4.6)

30,637(34.0)

42,246(46.9)

14,698(16.3)

569(0.6)

1,893(2.1)

3,095(6.3)

40,404(82.1)

4,314(8.8)

3456(0.7)

1,064(2.2)

25,037(14.5)

109,407(63.4)

33,774(19.6)

1,851(1.1)

2,539(1.5)

35,8921(23.1)

76,269(49.1)

30,899(19.9)

5,829(3.8)

6,540(4.2)

16,870(17.2)

43,335(44.3)

28,460(29.1)

5,588(5.7)

3,654(3.7)

58,883(54.8)

35,599(33.0

8,986(8.4)

670(0.6)

3,368(3.1)

Urgency

Referral mode, N(%)

Self-referral

Referral by GP

Referral by specialist

Missing, N(%)

Ambulance arrival, N(%)

Missing, N(%)

243,494(33.4)

381,875(52.4)

82,873(11.4)

20,660(2.8)

452,659(62.1)

37,367(5.1)

31,682(56.4)

9,260(16.5)

15,209(27.1)

35(0.1)

12,779(22.7)

0(0.0)

18,003(20.0)

72,040(80.0)

-

0(0.0)

29,382(32.6)

1,696(1.9)

12,904(26.2)

30,012(61.0)

3,368(6.8)

2,939(6.0)

22,964(46.7)

2,697(5.5)

60,969(35.3)

96,868(56.1)

5,826(3.4)

8,945(5.2)

59,130(34.3)

5,747(3.3)

48,018(30.9)

103,921(66.9)

2,569(1.7)

921(0.6)

50,917(32.8)

26,515(17.1)

32,141(32.8)

27,026(27.6)

37,844(38.7)

896(0.9)

31,864(32.5)

0(0.0)

39,777(69.7)

42,748(39.8)

18,057(16.8)

6,924(6.4)

31,840(29.6)

712(0.7)

Disease severity

GCS, N(%)

Not assessed

GCS = 15

GCS < 15

Vital score*, N(%)

No vitals measured

1 or > vital measured

All vitals measured

Medication given, N(%)

Disposition, N(%)

Home

Normal ward

MCU/CCU

ICU

Missing, N(%)

572,745(78.6)

13,034(1.8)

143,012(19.6)

190,320(26.1)

192,500(26.4)

346,082(47.5)

231,373(31.7)

424,062(58.2)

264,267(36.3)

14,371(2.0)

12,548(1.7)

13,654(1.9)

55,490(98.8)

121(0.2)

465(0.8)

23,680(42.1)

21,424(38.1)

11,082(19.7)

11,374(20.2))

32,958(58.7)

14,164(25.2)

350(0.6)

760(1.4)

7,954(14.2)

57,470(63.8)

30,955(34.4)

1,617(1.8)

22,685(25.2)

12,848(14.3)

54,510(60.5)

1,399(1.6)

50,267(55.8)

37,592(41.7)

1,127(1.3)

850(0.9)

207(0.2)

31,399(63.8)

17,508(35.6)

316(0.6)

5,418(11.0)

7,390(15.0)

36,415(74.0)

21,476(43.6)

31,375(63.7)

13,445(27.3)

3,805(7.7)

477(1.0)

121(0.2)

130,728(75.7)

36,865(21.4)

5,015(2.9)

48,496(28.1)

48,765(28.3)

75,347(43.7)

78,036(45.2)

110,662(64.1)

56,617(32.8)

408(0.2)

4,624(2.7)

297(0.2)

139,278(89.6)

14,491(9.3)

1,660(1.1)

43,425(27.9)

48,332(31.1)

63,672(41.0)

35,092(22.6)

80,399(51.7)

65,306(42.0)

5,006(3.2)

1,498(1.0)

3,368(3.1)

63,193(64.5)

31,071(31.7)

3,643(3.7)

20,180(20.6)

13,389(13.7)

64,338(65.7)

41,918(42.8)

55,366(56.5)

37,098(37.9)

1,716(1.8)

2,964(3.0)

763(0.8)

95,187(88.5)

11,657(10.8)

662(0.6)

26,436(24.6)

40,352(37.5)

40,718(37.9)

42,078(39.1)

63,035(58.6)

40,045(37.2)

1,959(1.8)

1,375(1.3)

1,092(1.0)

Comorbidity & complexity

Specialists consultations during ED stay

No consultations

1 consultation

≥ 2 consultations

Missing, N(%)

Blood tests taken, N(%)

Missing, N(%)

Radiology imaging, N(%)**

Missing, N(%)

405,068(55.6)

221,490(30.4)

83,565(11.5)

7,745(1.2)

418,957(57.5)

122(0.0)

309,836(42.5)

109(0.0)

33,364(59.4)

11,695(20.8)

3,382(6.0)

7,745(13.8)

24,905(44.3)

122(0.2)

29,312(52.2)

109(0.2)

60,451(67.1)

24,420(28.2)

4,172(4.6)

0(0.0)

55,302(61.6)

0(0.0)

56,325(62.6)

0(0.0)

45,931(93.3)

2,962(6.0)

330(0.7)

0(0.0)

41,541(84.4)

0(0.0)

24,188(49.1)

0(0.0)

140,952(81.7)

27,537(16.0)

4,119(2.4)

0(0.0)

99,970(57.9)

0(0.0)

108,623(62.9)

0(0.0)

10,647(6.9)

134,762(86.7)

10,020(6.5)

0(0.0)

102,291(65.8)

0(0.0)

89,134(57.3)

0(0.0)

24,422(26.0)

1,907(1.9)

70,578(72.1)

0(0.0)

65,745(67.2)

0(0.0)

53,695(54.8)

0(0.0)

88,301(82.1)

17,207(16.0)

1,998(1.8)

0(0.0)

63,642(59.2)

0(0.0)

57,680(53.7)

0(0.0)

Crude Outcome

In-hospital mortality

(excluded) Pre-hospital mortality

Missing, N(%)

13,735(1.9)

1,566(0.2)

3190(0.4)

630(1.2)

120(0.2)

1494(2.7)

1404(1.6)

86(0.1)

0(0.0)

666(1.4)

116(0.2)

3(0.0)

3704(2.1)

226(0.1)

5(0.0)

2644(1.7)

449(0.3)

29(0.0)

2416(2.5)

352(0.4)

0(0.0)

2271(2.1)

217(0.2)

1659(1.5)