Table 2 Summary of patient clinical findings (N = 586)
Variable | N | % |
|---|---|---|
GCS Score | ||
13 | 10 | 1.7 |
14 | 77 | 13.1 |
15 | 499 | 85.2 |
Pupilary examination - new changes | ||
Equal | 585 | 99.8 |
Unequal | 1 | 0.2 |
Clinical symptoms after injury | ||
None | 338 | 57.7 |
Loss of consciousness | 19 | 3.2 |
Vomiting (≥ 2 episodes) | 3 | 0.5 |
Amnesia | 124 | 21.2 |
New focal neurological deficit | 9 | 1.5 |
Combination of ≥ 2 symptoms | 31 | 5.3 |
Signs of skull fracture | 4 | 0.7 |
Diffuse headache | 32 | 5.5 |
Undocumented / unable to evaluate | 26 | 4.4 |
New behavioral changes | ||
None | 526 | 89.8 |
Confusion | 48 | 8.2 |
Agitation, irritability, severe restlessness | 5 | 0.9 |
Verbal aggression | 4 | 0.7 |
Physical aggression | 3 | 0.5 |
Type of injury | ||
No signs of injury | 115 | 19.6 |
Abrasion / wound not requiring suture | 157 | 26.8 |
Haematoma | 139 | 23.7 |
Wound requiring suture | 175 | 29.9 |
Cutaneous Impact Location | ||
No visible CIL | 115 | 19.6 |
Facial | 89 | 15.2 |
Frontal | 163 | 27.8 |
Scalp | 219 | 37.4 |
Presence of Intracranial Injury | ||
No | 551 | 94.0 |
Yes | 35 | 6.0 |
Injury Type Based on CT Findings | ||
Normal | 548 | 93.5 |
Subdural bleeding | 13 | 2.2 |
Subarachnoideal bleeding | 11 | 1.9 |
Intraparenchymal bleeding / contusion | 3 | 0.5 |
Combination of ≥ 2 type of bleeding | 8 | 1.4 |
Other findings (tumor, stroke, chronic lesions, etc.) | 3 | 0.5 |
Additional Injuries | ||
None | 359 | 61.3 |
Wound or contusion anywhere else | 98 | 16.7 |
Complicated facila bone fracture(s) | 39 | 6.7 |
Cervical vertebrae fracture | 6 | 1.0 |
Lower limb fracture | 15 | 2.6 |
Upper limb fracture | 33 | 5.6 |
Pelvic fracture / thoracic or lumbal vertebral fracture | 11 | 1.9 |
Rib fracture(s) | 6 | 1.0 |
Skull fracture | 14 | 2.4 |
Missing | 5 | 0.9 |