Table 1 The main themes and subthemes of the safe care scale for EMS personnel

Incident scene management

Comprehensive scene assessment

Scene safety evaluation

Stress management

Precise operational planning

Efficient clinical skills

Systematic triage

Casualty estimation

Initiative and prompt action

Adherence to infection control principles

Prevention of patient harm

Effective interaction

Dignified conduct

Patience and forbearance

Flexibility and composure

Commitment to teamwork