Table 2 Varimax factor loadings of the items of the Emergency Medical Services Safe Care Scale (EMSSCS)

Factor 1:

Incident scene management

1. I meticulously observe and assess the incident scene as the initial step.

2. Prior to entering the incident scene, I evaluate any potential hazards, including fire, explosions, electrical risks, and other dangers.

3. I pay particular attention to patient safety principles at the incident scene.

4. I encourage bystanders to maintain distance from the incident scene.

5. I invite the companions of the injured to remain calm.

6. I evaluate my own performance and that of my colleagues at the scene.

7. I execute my duties at the incident scene to the best of my ability.

8. I supervise the performance of other members of the care team at the incident scene.

9. I manage stress, fear, and apprehension at the incident scene.

10. I transfer the patient to the medical center while maintaining safety principles and a calm demeanor.

11. I encourage the patient and their companions to maintain composure and tranquility.

Factor 2:

Efficient clinical skills

12. I conduct patient and casualty triage with precision and acumen in the shortest possible time.

13. I thoroughly examine and assess patients’ conditions.

14. I perform patient mobilization and immobilization with careful adherence to safety principles.

15. I strive to avoid causing harm to the patient when performing invasive procedures.

16. I utilize the latest guidelines and evidence-based nursing practices in patient care.

17. I am proficient in the scientific and proper use of medical equipment.

18. I am skilled in performing emergency interventions in high-risk situations.

19. I employ critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills in the provision of care.

20. I endeavor to develop and enhance my clinical skills.

21. I utilize the clinical experiences of my colleagues to strengthen my own clinical skills.

22. I conduct patient triage without discrimination and in adherence to principles of equity.

Factor 3:

Effective interaction

23. I pay attention to patient privacy and confidentiality in the provision of care.

24. I interact with patients and their companions with patience.

25. I have the ability to manage and lead a team.

26. I treat my colleagues with respect.

27. I am committed to the principles of teamwork and interdisciplinary collaboration.

28. I maintain patience in my interactions with colleagues.

29. I preserve the dignity and respect of the patient and their companions.

30. I accept responsibility for my behavior and performance and will be accountable.